![]() After World War II, it industrialised quickly and established an advanced economy, with a welfare state built on the Nordic model. As a result, it lost parts of its territory but retained its independence.įinland remained a largely agricultural country until the 1950s. During the World War II, Finland fought against the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War, and later against Nazi Germany in the Lapland War. In 1918 the young nation was divided by the Finnish Civil War. ![]() Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Finland declared its independence from Russia. In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant universal suffrage, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. During this period, Finnish art flourished and the idea of independence began to take hold. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland became part of the Russian Empire as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland. From the late 13th century, Finland became part of Sweden as a result of the Northern Crusades. The Bronze Age and Iron Ages were marked by contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by different styles of ceramics. įinland was first settled around 9000 BC after the last Ice Age. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. Finnish and Swedish are the official languages, with Swedish being the native language of 5.2% of the population. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. Helsinki is the capital and largest city. Finland covers an area of 338,145 square kilometres (130,559 sq mi) and has a population of 5.6 million. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states.įinland ( Finnish: Suomi ⓘ Swedish: Finland ⓘ), officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish: Suomen tasavalta Swedish: Republiken Finland listen to all ⓘ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.
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